Evaluation of Some Hepato- Renal Biochemical Parameters in Typhoid Fever Patients in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State Nigeria

Introduction: Typhoid fever infection is one of the most prevalent diseases in developing countries. It is caused by Salmonella species and can affect multiple organs in the body if left untreated. The purpose of this study was to determine the biochemical patterns of renal and liver biochemical parameters in patients admitted with typhoid fever.

Methodology: A total of 100 subjects were recruited for the study, with 50 typhoid-positive patients and 50 typhoid-negative individuals serving as controls. Blood samples collected from the subjects were analyzed for Salmonella Typhi titre, sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), urea, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) using WHO-approved methods. The data obtained were statistically evaluated in SPSS version 22.

Results: The comparison between the positive and negative titres of Salmonella Typhi showed a significant increase in concentrations of creatinine and AST in the positive titres, whereas sodium decreased.

Conclusion: This result suggests that patients with high titers of Salmonella Typhi are more susceptible to hepatocellular injury, muscle wasting, and hyponatremia. Therefore, liver and kidney function tests should be essential clinical tests for the management of typhoid fever.