In-Hospital Outcome of Patients with Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Who Did Not Receive Reperfusion Therapy at Our Institute

Background
Heart failure is rising in prevalence but relatively little is known about the experiences and journey of patients and their caregivers. The goal of this paper is to present the symptom and symptom impact experiences of patients with heart failure and their caregivers.

Methods
This was a United States-based study wherein in-person focus groups were conducted. Groups were audio recorded, transcribed and a content-analysis approach was used to analyze the data.

Results
Ninety participants (64 patients and 26 caregivers) were included in the study. Most patients were female (52.0%) with mean age 59.3 ± 8 years; 55.6% were New York Heart Association Class II. The most commonly reported symptoms were shortness of breath (81.3%), fatigue/tiredness (76.6%), swelling of legs and ankles (57.8%), and trouble sleeping (50.0%). Patients reported reductions in social/family interactions (67.2%), dietary changes (64.1%), and difficulty walking and climbing stairs (56.3%) as the most common adverse disease impacts. Mental-health sequelae were noted as depression and sadness (43.8%), fear of dying (32.8%), and anxiety (32.8%). Caregivers (mean age 55.5 ± 11.2 years and 52.0% female) discussed 33 daily heart failure impacts, with the top three being reductions in social/family interactions (50.0%); being stressed, worried, and fearful (46.2%); and having to monitor their “patience” level (42.3%).

Conclusions
There are serious unmet needs in HF for both patients and caregivers. More research is needed to better characterize these needs and the impacts of HF along with the development and evaluation of disease management toolkits that can support patients and their caregivers.