The Effect of Trace Mineral Supplementations on Egg Production and Quality: A Review

This review aimed to study and discuss the effects of organic and inorganic sources of trace minerals; zinc, copper, and manganese in the diet of laying hens on egg production and quality. These trace minerals are required in producing proteins that are involved in various biochemical reactions, hormone secretion pathways, eggshell formation, antioxidative properties, immune system defence, etc. The results of different studies were not always consistent, mainly concerning the egg quality indices; however, most of the findings have shown positive effects of these trace minerals on laying hens. Recent studies have shown organic minerals are a more effective source than inorganic. The benefit of using organic sources is their lower inclusion rates due to their better absorption rate and the low output through excreta.