Moringa oleifera Seed Extract's Protective Activity against Lead Nanoparticles Induced Histopathological Changes in Rats

This study investigated the possibility of using Moringa oleifera seed extract to prevent poisoning caused by commercial lead nanoparticles (CLNP) and induced by pulsed laser ablation (LLNP) in white Wistar rats. The widespread use of lead increases environmental and health challenge. A major exposure to lead affects the central and peripheral nervous systems, leading to neuronal degeneration. The experimental animals were divided into six groups, with seven rats in each group. Moringa and commercial lead were given to the rats in accordance with standard methods. The experimental period was 45 days. At the end of the exposure period, the rats were dissected. Their liver and kidneys were removed and preserved in 10% formalin solution as a fixative solution to prepare them for histological sections. Histological imaging results showed that the CLNP group had prevascular cuffing of inflammatory cells with binucleate hepatocyte and hydronic degeneration. In the LLNP group, blood vessels were dilated, and the central vein and hepatocytes had vascular degeneration. The changes in CLNP. M. and LLNP. M. groups were less severe. In the kidneys, the changes in the LLNP group were indicated by congestion in the blood vessels and inflammatory cell infiltration. Moringa provides protection for liver cells because of its chemical components that have protective properties against lead-induced hepatotoxicity. In the CLNP group, kidney tissue imaging revealed congested blood vessels with the massive dissolution of red blood cells and the proliferation of inflammatory cells.