Analysis of Short and Long-Term Impacts of Petrochemical Effluents on Cattla Cattla Fish on Neelambur Pond, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

The study aimed to assess the impact of petrochemical effluent on fish blood, examining both short- term and long-term exposure periods to evaluate toxicity stress symptoms in the rapidly evolving petroleum industry. Various biochemical and hematological parameters, along with enzymatic changes, were analyzed by exposing different organs of freshwater fish, C. catla, to the petrochemical effluent. The results indicated a significant decrease in hemoglobin (Hb) content, red blood cells, packed cell volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) values. Conversely, there was a notable increase in white blood cells (WBC) during the exposure periods compared to the control. Hematological parameters, including Hb, RBC, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and MCH, exhibited fluctuating results, with a consistent decrease observed in both short- term (24, 48, 72, and 96 hours) and long-term (10, 20, and 30 days) exposure periods, suggesting the occurrence of anemia in the exposed fishes due to petrochemical effluent. In the biochemical analysis, exposed fish showed a significant reduction in protein, carbohydrate, and lipid content across all organs, accompanied by increased enzyme activity observed in all organs of freshwater fish, C. catla. Consequently, this survey is instrumental in predicting potential risks to the population and aquatic system.