Predictors of Functionality of the Community-based Disease Surveillance and Notification System in Anambra State, Nigeria

Background: Community-based disease surveillance systems (CBSS) are initiated to complement the health facility-based surveillance systems. The timeliness and completeness of reporting, CBSS as well as knowledge of CBSS among focal points, have been noted to influence the effectiveness of CBSS. However, some independent predictors, may play roles in the functionality of the CBSS. This study determines the key factors affecting the effectiveness of CBSS in Anambra State, Nigeria.

Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out among 360 community -based focal points in the State, selected using multistage sampling technique. Data were obtained by interview using pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaires, except data on completeness of reporting which were obtained using observation checklist. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 20. Tests of statistical significance were done using Fishers exact, chi-square cum t tests, ANOVA and binary logistic regression as appropriate. Level of statistical significance was set at 5%.

Results: The timeliness of reporting was (82.9%) with a completeness of (28.1%). The independent predictors of the functionality of the CBSS were means through which detected diseases were notified, availability of supervisors for focal points, keeping of records and giving feedback to the communities.

Conclusions: The index study reported high level of timeliness and poor completeness of reporting, as well as predictors of the sub-optimally functional CBSS in the State. There is need for sustained training and supervision of focal points, improved record keeping cum means of disease notification, and efficient feedback mechanism to the CBSS in Anambra State.