Forest Biodiversity and Livelihood of Tribal People in North Western Himalaya with Special Reference to Himachal Pradesh, India

Forests are the treasures gifted to mankind since time immemorial. In Vedic era, the indigenous communities had a huge repository of knowledge pertaining to the utilization of plants and they relied on this vital comprehension for the welfare of society. This authentic knowledge of plants is vanishing among the people over the period of time due to growth and development in various human civilizations. Presently, the people living in close contact with nature aloof from the latest technologies, facilities and gadgets could practically experience the connect with the flora and fauna of the region. The tribal communities have been a part of forests for centuries, together possessing immense knowledge about the biodiversity of an area. They not only know the usage and importance of each item of forest produce including trees, herbs and shrubs but also are aware of the side effects of excess usage of a medicinal plant. Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) are important component of subsistence and livelihood of tribal communities living in and near forests. This is of particular significance in the state of Himachal Pradesh having 27.73% of geographical area under forest cover and predominantly inhabited by tribal people. The tribes of Himachal Pradesh generally have their abode in the upper and middle level of the hills. Forest products particularly the NTFPs can provide a sustainable economic boost to millions of people, especially, tribals living in and around forests of North Western Himalayan ranges, by using existing forest resources. Hence, the present study highlights the dependence of rural and tribal communities on forests and forest products in North Western Himalayan region.