Evaluating the Effect of Monocyte Locomotion Inhibitory Factor a Natural Anti-Inflammatory Produced by E. histolytica on Apoptosis in Human CD4+ T Lymphocytes

The study evaluated the effect of MLIF on extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways human CD4+ T lymphocytes. Cells were grown for 24 hours in either plain RPMI-1640 medium (control) or RPMI medium adding actinomycin D, MLIF, PMA, or any combination of the four. Cells treated with MLIF or PMA + MLIF did not substantially differ from control cells in medium during early apoptosis, according to annexin V/propidium iodide-stained cells; in contrast, cells treated with PMA or PMA + MLIF revealed significant differences from the control during delayed apoptosis. However, compared to the control, cells treated with PMA and PMA + MLIF exhibited a significant increase in cytochrome c and caspase 3 levels, indicating that this poor induction of cell death is controlled by the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Cytochrome c and caspase 3 levels in cells treated with MLIF showed no significant differences from control cells. Any of the therapies used did not result in the detection of the Fas receptor in cell culture, indicating that the extrinsic mechanism of apoptosis is not engaged. Human CD4+ T cells do not undergo apoptosis when exposed to MLIF; nevertheless, PMA and MLIF may also have an impact on the modest amounts of cell death seen during the late apoptosis phase. Because of its tiny size, MLIF functions as a natural, biological anti-inflammatory substance produced in axenic cultures of Entamoeba histolytica, which makes it a promising candidate for potential clinical applications.