Manifestation of Rural Hollowing: The Phenomenon

This study indicates that to describe rural hollowing phenomenon has various forms of manifestation. Rural hollowing considered the conditions of rural land, population, economic, cultural, physical, infrastructure, and social services. Researchers generally believe that rural hollowing is the decline of community autonomy and organizational activities caused by population decline and aging. The findings from this literary reading indicate that many manifestations have been used by other researchers in explaining the definitions, causes, and effects of rural hollowing phenomena, especially in China. The study concluded that the best manifestation in describing this rural hollowing problem is Rural Land Hollowing, Rural Population Hollowing and Rural Economic Hollowing.