The Scientific, Cultural, Social and Economic Conditions of the Female Scholar of Jurisprudence in Mecca during the 15th Century

Based upon the preliminary historical and jurisprudent sources, this paper tries to shed light on the scientific and cultural movement in Mecca during the 9th century A.H./15th century woman's AD. It also tries to highlight basic notes on the woman's role in general and her situation in Mecca's society during this period which has been described by modern historians as an age of collection, explanation and interpretation and not that of creativity or invention, as mental and political stagnation prevailed.The paper concentrates on the female scholar of jurisprudence in Mecca and sheds light on its scientific movement, as well as the role played by the woman, whether scholar or learner, in the field of Jurisprudence and Hadith "speech of the prophet". It highlights the female scholar of jurisprudence's learning sources as well as the learning and licensing method, whether from man to woman, from woman to woman or from woman to man. The research also refers to the jurisprudent doctrines which were dominant in Mecca during the study period, with an attempt to shed light on woman's journey to seek knowledge during this period.The paper makes use of the biographies of the female scholars of jurisprudence to explain the number of scholars who lived during the same period and mention biographies of Female scholars of jurisprudence in Mecca, as the researcher has mentioned two hundred and seventy women scholars, with a biography for each, including the most significant scientific achievements.