Effect of Fractions, and Compounds from Typha capensis in LPS-Stimulated Raw 264.7 Cells. Pro and Anti-inflammatory Cytokines

Typha capensis is widely used by traditional healers to treat male fertility, venereal problems and inflammation. There are many molecular targets implicated in the inflammatory process: pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 1-β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and IL-8, and other proteins such as COX-2, and iNOS. In order to clarify the anti-inflammatory mechanism of action of compounds isolated from T. capensis, RAW 264.7 macrophages were activated by lipopolysaccharide and pre-treated with T. capensis isolated compounds. Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW macrophages after treatment with T. capensis crude acetone extract resulted in decreasing expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6,) and increased expression of immunomodulatory cytokine IL-12 P 70. Isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside and isorhamnetin 3-O rutinoside increased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, but failed to reduce the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α. Isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside and isorhamnetin 3-O rutinoside increased the expression of immunomodulatory cytokine IL-12p70. Isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside increased the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 compared to quercetin and LPS-stimulated macrophages. The effect of isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside and isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside on molecular targets of inflammation may provide support for the use of T. capensis by traditional healers against inflammation.