Using CRISPR/Cas9 Technology to Improve Crops and Address the Global Food Crisis: A Review

By developing a revolutionary method for modifying the genomes of living things, genome editing (GE) has completely changed the biological sciences. Recent years have seen the development of several technologies that make altering complex genomes possible. For agricultural crop production to be sustained and contribute to global food security, a fast and dependable method of raising yield and resilience to different environmental pressures is therefore required. The GE instruments for crop enhancement are explained in detail in this analytical research. Zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcriptional activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) are a few examples of these tools. This category also includes mega-nucleases (MNs). In particular, the most recent advancements in the use of CRISPR/Cas9 for genome editing for major agricultural improvements - like the creation of crops that are more yielding and of higher quality - are covered this paper. When this approach is put into practice, non-transgene crops with desired traits will be produced, which might lead to increased yield capacity under different environmental challenges. To increase agricultural production and guarantee food security, the CRISPR/Cas9 methodology may be used in conjunction with existing and future breeding techniques (such as omics-assisted breeding and speed breeding). The difficulties and restrictions associated with CRISPR/Cas9 have also been covered. Plant breeders and scientists doing a detailed analysis of the use of CRISPR/Cas9 to enhance crops by focusing on the desired gene will find this material to be helpful.